We the People

THE 1866 ACT of Federalized Citizenship: The Ten Sections America Forgot

The Ten Sections America Forgot When Americans discuss citizenship, civil rights, and the Fourteenth Amendment, they often begin in the middle of the story. They begin with court decisions.  They begin with political debates.  They begin with modern controversies. They begin with the 3 words “All persons born…” Yet history began earlier. Before the Fourteenth …

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THE DEED, THE KEY, AND THE LOCK: Why Foundations Matter Before Interpretation

Why Foundations Matter Before Interpretation Most people understand that a lock does not exist for its own sake. A lock exists because something behind it is valuable. A lock protects.  A lock secures.  A lock preserves. For that reason, anyone seeking to understand a lock must first understand what the lock was designed to protect. …

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THE JOHNSON FILE: When the Opposition Becomes the Witness

When the Opposition Becomes the Witness History occasionally presents an unusual situation. Sometimes the strongest witness is not the supporter.  Sometimes the strongest witness is the opponent. That is precisely what makes President Andrew Johnson’s veto messages so important. Johnson opposed the Civil Rights Act of 1866. He opposed it forcefully.  He vetoed it.  He …

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THE UNFINISHED QUESTION: Why the 250th Anniversary of America Demands Constitutional Reflection

Why the 250th Anniversary of America Demands Constitutional Reflection Nations celebrate anniversaries.  Great nations examine themselves. As America approaches the 250th Anniversary of the Declaration of Independence, citizens across the Republic will celebrate the birth of the Nation. There will be speeches, ceremonies, parades, commemorations, and reflections upon the extraordinary journey that began in 1776. …

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THE GREAT, 14th Amendment MORATORIUM: Why America Should Pause Before Judgment

Why America Should Pause Before Judgment Every great nation eventually reaches moments that demand as much reflection as action. Moments when the questions before it are so significant, and the consequences so far-reaching, that wisdom requires more than speed. Wisdom requires examination. Wisdom requires patience. Wisdom requires the courage to pause long enough to ensure …

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The Testing Room: The One Room Every Theory Must Enter – “If The Suit Don’t Fit. They Have To Quit”

Imagine a room. Not a courtroom.  Not a political convention.  Not a television studio.  Not a social media platform. A simple room.  A room devoted to questions.  A room devoted to evidence.  A room devoted to constitutional inquiry. Now imagine that every theory concerning birthright citizenship is invited into that room. Every judicial opinion.  Every …

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BEFORE JUDGMENT (for the court, etc)

What If America Has Been Asking the Wrong Constitutional Question Concerning the “All Persons Born…” Birthright Citizenship Clause? For generations, Americans have debated the meaning of the words, “All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof.” Entire theories of citizenship have been constructed upon these words. Courts have …

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The Amicus Curai Briefs: Trump v. Barbara – 14th Amendment Birthright Citizenship, US Supreme Court Case

(alert directory) These briefs generally argued: The Citizenship Clause plainly protects birthright citizenship, United States v. Wong Kim Ark controls the issue. and the executive branch cannot unilaterally narrow constitutional protections of citizenship. Trump Represented by: The Department of Justice (DOJ) Barbara Represented by: The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) Amicus Briefs Supporting Trump / …

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The “Prevailing Winds”: Reasons Narrative

(2 trump cities) (trump plans) “Huge Tent Cities” (HTC) for the homeless was announced on July 27, 2022 “Freedom Cities” (FC) for the wealthy was announced on March 2, 2023 Though different in physical appearance and purposes, the twin Trump cities have ….several identical, cultural–ethos features, driven by public health and safety-security concerns. This developed …

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TEXT: The January 1, 1863 A Proclamation The Emancipation Proclamation

(emprocl directory) A Proclamation By the President of the United States of America A Transcription (Sentence numbers, mine, editions in red, italics, etc., is mine) Note: This federal law applied only to the chattel slaves holding States who refused to return to the Union by January 1, 1863, of which 11 refused, while States like …

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